Financial glossary

Plain-English definitions of stock, ETF, dividend and index terms used across bourva.

Ticker: The short symbol that identifies a listed security on an exchange, for example AAPL for Apple or BBCA for Bank Central Asia.
Share price: The most recent traded price for one share of a stock. On bourva, prices are delayed and/or sample data — not real-time.
Market capitalisation (market cap): The total market value of a company's shares, calculated as share price multiplied by the number of shares outstanding.
P/E ratio (price-to-earnings): A valuation multiple equal to the share price divided by earnings per share (EPS). A higher P/E can imply higher growth expectations or a richer valuation.
EPS (earnings per share): A company's net profit divided by its number of shares outstanding, usually reported on a trailing-twelve-month or annual basis.
Dividend: A distribution of profits that a company pays to its shareholders, usually in cash and on a regular schedule.
Dividend yield: Annual dividends per share divided by the current share price, expressed as a percentage. It shows the income return of holding the stock at today's price.
Ex-dividend date (ex-date): The cut-off date for a dividend: you must own the shares before the ex-date to receive the upcoming payment.
Payment date: The date on which a declared dividend is actually paid to eligible shareholders.
Payout frequency: How often a company or fund pays distributions — commonly monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual.
Forward yield: An estimated dividend yield based on the expected next twelve months of payouts, rather than the trailing period.
TTM (trailing twelve months): The most recent twelve-month period, frequently used to measure earnings, revenue or dividend totals.
ETF (exchange-traded fund): An investment fund that holds a basket of assets (such as stocks or bonds) and trades on an exchange like a single stock.
Expense ratio: The annual fee a fund or ETF charges its investors, expressed as a percentage of the assets under management.
Distribution: An ETF's payout to its holders, passing through the dividends and interest earned by the fund's underlying holdings.
Index: A basket of securities that tracks the performance of a market or segment, such as the S&P 500, the Nikkei 225 or the IHSG.
Beta: A measure of a stock's volatility relative to the overall market. A beta of 1 moves with the market; above 1 is more volatile, below 1 is less.
52-week range: The lowest and highest prices at which a security has traded over the past 52 weeks.
Volume: The number of shares (or units) traded during a given period, such as a single trading day.
Market movers: The stocks with the largest moves in a session — the top gainers, top losers and most-active names by volume.
Screener: A tool that filters and sorts stocks and ETFs by criteria such as market, sector, dividend yield, P/E ratio or price.
Foreign flow: The net buying or selling activity of foreign investors on an exchange, calculated as foreign buy value minus foreign sell value.
Delayed data: Market data published with a time lag (for example, at least 15 minutes, or end-of-day) rather than in real time.
Sector: A grouping of companies by the industry they operate in, such as technology, financials, energy or healthcare.

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