Methodology: how bourva sources and labels data

Two tiers: delayed data and sample data

bourva shows two kinds of figures. (1) Real, DELAYED data — genuine market values from free public sources, delayed from roughly 15 minutes up to end-of-day, refreshed on a schedule and cached. (2) Illustrative SAMPLE data — clearly-labelled synthetic figures used to populate a page's layout where a licensed real-time or delayed feed for that instrument is not yet connected.

Every page states which it is. Delayed live data is available on the Live market data page and for a set of flagship instruments; most per-ticker pages currently show sample data while we expand real coverage.

How delayed data is refreshed

Real delayed data is pulled from public sources by a scheduled job roughly every 30 minutes (some slower-moving series once daily), normalised to one shape, and cached. Visitors read the cache — we never call a data provider on every page view — which keeps us within each source's free limits and keeps pages fast. Each value carries its own 'as of' time and source name.

How sample data is generated

Where no feed is connected, figures are produced by a deterministic generator purely to demonstrate the page structure and cross-market coverage. Sample data is always badged as such, is never described as real-time, and should never be used for trading or valuation decisions.

What we never do

We never claim 'live' or 'real-time' for data that is delayed or sample. We never invent a value we do not have — missing data is shown as an em-dash (—). We never publish fabricated analyst ratings, aggregate ratings or reviews, and our structured data (schema.org markup) reflects only what is genuinely on the page.

Freshness, sources and corrections

Every data page shows an 'as of' date, a freshness label (delayed / sample) and, where applicable, the source. See the Data sources page for the full provider list. If you spot an error, email the ticker and page URL via Contact and we will review it.